Usually two-dimensional substitution is used for the production of integrated circuits. Due to heavy use of communications, two-dimensional substitution has high losses as well as, density of elements is low in it. To resolve this problem, three-dimensional substitution method was proposed. Rather than the two-dimensional arrangement of elements in a row, elements are layout in three dimensions in this substitution. In this paper, three-dimensional substitution algorithms using order used in two-dimensional substitution, three-dimensional substitution analysis by mPL and three-dimensional substitution simultaneous with two-dimensional substitution by mPL have been studied in terms of structure and function, and a butterfly processing element (PE) and an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) block and a wireless MIMO decoder to assess them have been implemented with the mentioned methods. . Applying these methods shows that the use of face to face integration by microbuses in communications of substitution algorithm, on average, improves the maximum clock and block speed of AES encryption to 15. 3% and the maximum clock and block speed of PE module to 22. 6% as well as the maximum clock and speed of MIMO modules to 17. 1%, while the use of these methods has led to the average reduction in power consumption of 2. 6% for the AES module and the average reduction in power of 12. 9% for the PE module and the average reduction in power consumption of 5. 1% for MIMO module.

In the paper a model to predict the concentrations of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO, CO and O3 for a chosen number of hours forward is proposed. The method requires historical data for a large number of points in time, particularly weather forecast data, actual weather data and pollution data. The idea is that by matching forecast data with similar forecast data in the historical data set it is possible then to obtain actual weather data and through this pollution data. To aggregate time points with similar forecast data determined by a distance function, fuzzy numbers are generated from the forecast data, covering forecast data and actual data. Again using a distance function, actual data is compared with the fuzzy number to determine how the grade of membership. The model was prepared in such a way that all the data which is usually imprecise, chaotic, uncertain can be used.

Considering the significance of architectural space quality in human beings lives and the multi-faceted nature of its indicators, there is a need for scientific and reliable methods for modeling space quality that widely integrate and evaluate affecting indicators. Despite the effective role of space quality indicators’ importance in promoting architectural designs, researchers have not yet studied various criteria involved in evaluating architectural space comprehensively. Despite the necessity of taking into account all aspects of space quality for specifying a complete set of influencing criteria and accordingly determining the importance of the considered criteria for creating desirable space quality, this issue has not yet been considered well in previous studies. Currently, architects rely on professional expertise to enhance space quality. However, a mathematical model that systematically evaluates qualitative criteria can serve as a more objective tool for optimizing design outcomes. Fuzzy sets theory provides an efficient tool for considering vagueness uncertainties of the professionals' knowledge in a mathematical framework guaranteeing that outcomes of space evaluation will be concrete and reliable. The novelty of present study includes a) integrating different aspects of space quality in one space evaluation model, b) considering and modeling the fact that some criteria are related to more than one quality indicator and c) considering that expertise on influencing criteria weights of importance are qualitative judgments that include vagueness uncertainty, utilizing fuzzy sets theory to model the uncertainty quantitatively and mathematically. We first studied the most important quality criteria defined by scholars and discussed major relevant criteria. We showed that quality of architectural space have three main indicators, each with various criteria. The weights of the criteria in each indicator were categorized into low, medium and high level. Using fuzzy sets theory the most influential criteria relevant to each of main quality indicators were determined. Among the specified 30 crucial quality criteria, “legibility”, “visual clarity”, “hierarchy”, “objective transparency”, and “diversity” had the highest importance for more than one indicator. Therefore, it can be concluded that they play a more significant role in creating space quality. Finally, we presented a fuzzy space quality evaluation conceptual model. The presented model provides architects with a set of helpful design rules that would enable them to reliably consider the effects of each space quality criterion to design more desirable architectural spaces for users. This study can be a guide for planners, designers, managers and policy makers engaged in designing and assessing various spaces.

How to determine the audit fees is one of the main challenges of auditing. Correct and logical pricing auditing services leads to better performance of auditing services and forms specialized audit services market. For this reason, identifying and ranking of the effective factors on the pricing of audit services have been considered by using fuzzy logic in this study. For data collection, audit experts was selected as statistical society and paired comparisons questionnaire was used. Using Expert Choice software, the weight of each factor identified and by using Pareto charts was determined that 80 percent of audit fees depend on 9 factors including volume of operations, complexity of operations, the quality of client's internal control, the geographical distribution of operation, the size of the entity, the premier audit, type of previous years comments and of experience to office audit in a company that necessary for auditing institutes and organizations in order to specify auditing fee, pay attention to above factors based on their value.